
                           
     
     騩  ࠢ筨  ⠭  짮⥫, 
  ࠡ  ᮭ묨 ࠬ.
     ⭮,    ௥  ⠥ 
    ન  ન. ॥ ᥣ, 㦭  ଠ
 㤥 ᪨   室.  ⨬ ⮬  
 ࣠ ਠ ⮣ ࠢ筨.
     
                    ⫨ ⢥⮩ ᨨ
                    
     - 襭  ணࠬ  Select.      ணࠬ
        ⥫쭮 ⥯ 頥    ⠫樨  
       䨣樨   ⥬.      ⮬᪨   ᮧ
       ᮮ⢥騥 䠩 config.sys  autoexec.bat.
     - ন   ࠧ, 訬 32 .
     - ᯮ짮 ७   ஢  MS-DOS  
       ,   ᯮ㥬      fastopen.   ⥬
       প  ७    (EMS)  ॡ  
       ࠩ Lotus/Intel/Microsoft (LIM) 4.0.
     -     mem, 饩 ஢
       ⥪  .
     -  ᯨ᮪ ন  ࠭  祭  ⥫쭮
        ࠭.
     -     ࠬ  ࠭  EGA   VGA. ᪠
       .
     -  த   騥 :
     
       tree        delete         mode
       append      fastopen       nlsfunc
       attrib      fdisk          replace
       backup      graftabl       select
       country     graphics
                   
     - 襭 ⥬ ࠩ஢, :
     
       ansi.sys     driver.sys
       display.sys  printer.sys
             
     
                       
     
        殮   ᥩ      ਭ    ᫥騥
ᮣ襭  ᠭ ଠ⮢  (஬ ਬ஢):
     
     ⨭᪨     ᨭ⠪ .   
     㪢          ப  筮,  .
     
     ⨭᪨       ஭
     
     㪢
     
     ᪨       ᯮ   䠩, ६
     㪢          ⥪, 㪠뢠 짮⥫.
          
                         
                       
       殮  ᥩ  ᯮ ᫥騥 ନ
 ᠭ ଠ⮢ :
     
                  ᫥⥫쭮    -
                         쪨  ⠫.
                         ਬ:
     
                         \people\families\childrens  
     
                         a:\bigfile\small
     
     䨪        ,   ண 㪠 
                         䠩. ਬ:
     
                         \people\families\childrens\myfile.doc
                                       
                         a:\bigfile\small\report.txt
                                       
                         a:tmpfile.$$$
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________

                              1
     
                       
                    
     __________________________________________________________

      ⮩  ᢥ ᫥騥 ⥬:
     
     - ࠭  १  MS-DOS.
     - ॠᮢ /뢮.
     
     __________________________________________________________

       ⨯  MS-DOS:
     
     - ࠭  (譨)
     - १ (७)
     
     ७  -          
   ᯮ㥬      ⥬.      ᬮ  
㦨  ⥬ ᪥, ..       
䠩  comand.com    㦠      ६ 㧪
⥬.  ਢ ᯨ᮪ १  MS-DOS:
     
     break      exit        ren(rename)
     call       for         rmdir(rd)
     chcp       goto        set
     chdir(cd)  if          shift
     cls        mkdir(md)   time
     copy       path        type
     ctty       pause       ver
     date       prompt      verify
     del(erase) rem         vol
     dir        echo
     
         䠩    ७ﬨ .com, .exe  .t
ᬠਢ  譨 (࠭) ,  ਬ  -
format.com, diskcopy.com.    譨  
䠩,      ᮧ  ᢮     
MS-DOS. 設⢮ ᮧ     䠩  
७   .exe,  祬,      ᪠    易⥫쭮
㪠뢠   ப ᫥  䠩  ७.
     ᫨    ᪮쪮        ,  
⥬  㤥  ᪠    ᫥饬 浪: .com, .exe,
.bat.
      ਢ ᯨ᮪ 譨 (࠭)  ⥬:
     
      append     fdisk       print
      assign     find        recover
      attrib     format      replace
      backup     graftabl    restore
      chkdsk     graphics    select
      command    join        share
      comp       keyb        sort
      diskcomp   label       subst
      diskcopy   mem         sys
      exe2bin    mode        tree
      fastopen   more        xcopy
      fc         nlsfunc
     
     ਬ砭:
        譨  ⥬  
⠫,      ⥬    ⠭    ᪠
 path.
     
                        
                ॠᮢ /뢮
                
      㬮砭, ⠭  뢮  設⢠  ணࠬ
  ࠭.  ᫨    室  ॠᮢ  뢮
ணࠬ  䠩,    ப  ᫥    
筮 㪠 ᨬ (>), ᫥ ண  ᫥
 䠩 ਥ:
     
     dir > myfile.doc
     
     ᫨  䠩-ਥ 㦥 ⢮,  ஥ ᮤন
䠩 㤥 㭨⮦. ⮬, ᫨  㦭,  ⮡  뢮
-  ணࠬ    ᮥ   䠩, 
㦭 㪠  ᨬ (>):
     
     dir a:\files >> myfile.doc
     
     ॠᮢ  㪠뢠 ᨬ  (<).  ਬ,
  ᫥饩      ᮤন 䠩 names, 
१ ஢ 뢠  䠩 namelist:
     
     sort < names > namelist
     
     MS-DOS   砥   ᯥ樠    ,    뢠
䨫ࠬ.    ।祭  ८ࠧ 뢮 
ணࠬ,  ਬ  -  ஢  (䨫  sort  ।饬
ਬ), ᪠ ⥪   䠩  (find),  뢮  ᮤন
䠩  ࠭ ࠭筮 (more).
     ஬  ⮣,         ᮢ 뢮
  ணࠬ    室  㣮      ᨬ   (|).
ਬ,  ᫥     뢮 ᮤন ⠫ 
࠭  ஢  䠢 浪:
                               
     dir | sort                dir | sort | more
     
     뢮  ।饣 ਬ  ॠᮢ  䠩,
  myfile.lst,  ਬ.      室    ᪥   
᪮ :
     
     dir | sort > b:myfile.lst
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________

                               2
                              
                           MS-DOS
                          
     __________________________________________________________

      ⮩  ਢ ⠫쭮 ᠭ  ⥬.
      ᫥  䠢⭮ 浪.
     
     __________________________________________________________

     ᫨ ᫥    ᪮ 㪠 㪢:
     
     I,  뢠  ७.
     E,  뢠  .
     
     ᫨  뢠      ࠡ⠥   ,  ᫥
  㪠뢠    ᨬ  N.    ࠧ  稭
᫥騥   㭪樮  :
     
     chkdsk      join
     diskcomp    label
     diskcopy    recover
     fastopen    subst
     fdisk       sys
     format
     
         稭   㪠뢠      ᮮ⢥
ᠭ .
     
        ᠭ   ᨭ⠪        ᪮
ᯮ    뤥  易⥫    
ப.           饭,    ᨬ  
  ᫮.       ᪮      ॠ쭮
 ப  㪠뢠.
     ⥫   (஡,   ⠡,   稥     
ࠢ⢠)   ᨭ⠪ .
